• Recent studies suggest that A caused synapse

  2024-04-18

  

  Recent studies suggest that Aβ caused synapse damage as a consequence of aberrant cell signalling. As synthetic Aβ42 monomers activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway (Giuffrida et al., 2009) and insulin signalling (Giuffrida et al., 2012) it is possible that Aβ monomers and Aβ oligomers a

• We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in

  2024-04-18

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t

• br Comparison to IWG In addition to the

  2024-04-18

  

  Comparison to IWG In addition to the NIA AA, the other group that has established diagnostic guidelines for AD that incorporate biomarkers is the IWG [64,74,75]. In the most recent formal IWG document, published in 2014 [75], the diagnosis of AD required the presence of cognitive symptoms plus an

• Despite extensive studies on the

  2024-04-18

  

  Despite extensive studies on the expression of T. pallidum-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, very little is known about T. pallidum-mediated intracellular signaling pathway activation, that leads to cytokine expression in macrophages. A network of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigen

• br Disclosures br Author contributions br

  2024-04-18

  

  Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril

• Tissue distribution showed that ctrp

  2024-04-18

  

  Tissue distribution showed that ctrp9 was abundantly expressed in the kidney of male and female tilapia. In mice, the Ctrp9 was identified in adipose tissue, and the expression levels were higher in females than that of males (Wong et al., 2009). Recent studies indicated that Ctrp9 was also expresse

• In addition to the above

  2024-04-18

  

  In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe

• br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and mac

  2024-04-18

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception by

  2024-04-18

  

  (8) Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception by other modalities that alter pain (TENS, exercise, joint mobilization, water immersion therapy)? Caffeine and/or A1R antagonists inhibit antinociception by each of these modalities in preclinical studies, such that there is potential for int

• br Results and discussion The classical

  2024-04-18

  

  Results and discussion The classical radiochemical adenosine kinase assays developed to monitor AdK activity utilize [3H]adenosine or [14C]adenosine, respectively. The assays are terminated by spotting the incubation mixture onto diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange filter disks or onto a poly

• ACh induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of int

  2024-04-18

  

  ACh-induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of interest. They may reveal an important mechanism of respiratory modulation at the caudal NTS level. ACh-induced increases in respiratory frequency within this region have been also reported by Furuya et al. (2014). Changes in respiratory timin

• citco Using constant potential amperometry and electrochemic

  2024-04-18

  

  Using constant potential amperometry and electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors selective for choline—and, therefore, an accurate readout of citco release (Baker et al., 2015; Bruno et al., 2006a; Parikh et al., 2004, 2007)—tonic and phasic release of acetylcholine were measured simultaneously in

• br Methods and results ACE

  2024-04-18

  

  Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric Heme Colorimetric Assay Kit spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at high l

• The structure of LO is divided

  2024-04-18

  

  The structure of 5-LO is divided in two domains, the catalytic C-terminal domain and the N-terminal regulatory C2-like domain (C2ld) [59,60]. The C2ld spans the YC 1 synthesis 1-114 and is responsible for translocation and binding of calcium and membranes [61–63]. The catalytic domain is primarily

• br Introduction Stroke is a devastating condition that cause

  2024-04-18

  

  Introduction Stroke is a devastating condition that causes cognitive and motor dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases and even acute death, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide (Chen et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2016). Thus, exploration or identification of novel therapeuti

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