• It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in the liver

  2022-01-17

  

  It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in the liver, in which a signal is produced and relayed to the metabolic enzymes via vagal nerves [8], [36], [37]. The concept that the liver is the primary target site was supported by the studies reporting that the glucagon receptor is localized in th

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2022-01-17

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgements Introduction - Factors Regulating Glucose Tolerance Strictly speaking, the incretin effect refers to the amplification of insulin secretion, which occurs when gsk3 inhibitor is taken in orally as compared to infused intravenously [1]. Normally, the insu

• The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin

  2022-01-17

  

  The effect of exercise on plasma ghrelin has previously been investigated mostly in humans using exercise regimens such as treadmill running, cycling, and rowing, and also in a few rodent studies and in some other animal models. While many of these clinical studies and some preclinical studies demon

• The NVC response in the

  2022-01-17

  

  The NVC response in the diseased or aging SMIP004 may be altered, including changes in both the chemical mediators of NVC, ion channel behaviour, and the dynamics of the vascular system. For example, in Alzheimer’s disease the production of NO is shown to be inhibited (Lourenço et al., 2014), hyper

• The expression and localization of Cx Cx and Cx in

  2022-01-17

  

  The expression and localization of Cx43, Cx46 and Cx50 in the anterior pituitary vary with physiological activities and with various conditions associated with both natural and pathological changes in hormone secretion. Anterior pituitary Cx43 and Cx50 levels increase and exhibit a more widespread d

• Most of the tumors showed relatively

  2022-01-17

  

  Most of the tumors showed relatively higher GalR1 mRNA levels than the controls (Fig. 1a, Table 3). However one patient with the lower GalR1 mRNA levels (#12) had, in fact, relatively lower levels of transcript for galanin and the other galanin receptors. Patient #10 and 4 who were also expressing l

• Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer CRC

  2022-01-17

  

  Introduction Risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) include high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, diabetes, and elevated serum levels of toxic bile acids (BAs) (de Aguiar Vallim et al., 2013, Degirolamo et al., 2011, Downes and Liddle, 2008, Font-Burgada et al., 2016, Kuipers et al., 201

• br Author contributions br Conflict of

  2022-01-17

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

• Acquiring resistance to the FGFR inhibitor may determine tre

  2022-01-17

  

  Acquiring resistance to the FGFR inhibitor may determine treatment outcomes in patients with GC dependent on FGFR2 amplification, and we investigated the mechanism of AZD4547 resistance in FGFR2-amplified GC cells. We established a FGFR2-amplified GC cell line resistant to the selective FGFR inhibit

• Furthermore rs is the one which is studied

  2022-01-15

  

  Furthermore, rs17171119 is the one which is studied well so far. One of the earlier studies has reported the clinical outcome and impact of EZH2 SNPs (rs41277434, rs3757441, rs2302427 rs9177211 T> C) (Crea et al., 2012). The only coding SNP ID rs2302427 has been studied in various diseases such as h

• It was speculated that could affect the protein translation

  2022-01-15

  

  It was speculated that could affect the protein translation or processing in the HCV replication cycle. The viral protein processing was thus investigated, to establish whether the HCV inhibition was determining an increased amount of unprocessed polyprotein, due to a block in the processing, or a

• The lactic acid receptor HCA is primarily expressed in white

  2022-01-15

  

  The lactic blue nitro receptor HCA1 is primarily expressed in white and brown adipocytes 11, 12, 17, 18 (Table 1). Only relatively low expression levels of HCA1 have been described in several other tissues 16, 19, and it is not clear whether this is due to the presence of adipocytes in these tissue

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-01-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although large-scale purification of homogeneous and functional membrane proteins is challenging, it is essential for biochemical, biophysical and structural characterization. This is particularly true for human P-gp, as its atomic structure has only

• br Vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUTs

  2022-01-15

  

  Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) Conclusions Due to the molecular cloning of EAAT and VGLUT subtypes, a better understanding of the functional properties of these carriers has been elucidated over the last few years. In the case of the EAATs, specific blockers, such as trans-2,4-PDC,

• In conclusion we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate c

  2022-01-15

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate could in situ affect the AA metabolism via brain CYPs. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 genes in the astrocytes are the downstream genes of CREB, and the up-regulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 expression by glutamate was due to the increases in phosphorylate

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