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papain The enzyme plays an important role in the purine
2024-09-23
The enzyme plays an important role in the purine metabolism of this parasite. Like other parasitic protozoa, T. gondii is incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis and depends totally on preformed purines salvaged from the host papain for its purine requirements and survival (Perrotto et al., 1971;
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Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The
2024-09-23
Materials and methods Results Discussion The BV-tag-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay is an extremely sensitive assay. It has been employed for detecting analytes present in only picogram quantities (e.g., bacterial toxins [26], mgmt inhibitor [19]), measuring the activity of basic
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Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo technique
2024-09-23
Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo-technique which allows continuous sampling of small molecular weight substances (such as neurotransmitters, metabolites and neuropeptides) from the extracellular space of different tissues or organs, e.g. brain, muscle or skin. While the implantation of the
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br AD and COX LOX pharmacology Early studies on the
2024-09-23
AD and COX/5-LOX pharmacology Early studies on the role of cyclooxygenases in AD were inspired by epidemiological data suggesting that COX inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could be beneficial in AD patients (Lucca et al., 1994, McGeer et al., 1990). This line of r
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Among the AXL positive tumors that we screened
2024-09-23
Among the AXL-positive tumors that we screened, the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 showed the highest AXL expression level. Additionally, AXL protein levels were higher in TNBC patient samples than in other breast cancers. Considering the difficulty of, and the urgent need for, effective treatments of TN
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To help ensure the fidelity of
2024-09-23
To help ensure the fidelity of mitosis and cytokinesis cells monitor these processes and delay cell cycle progression in response to certain defects. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance system which delays Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit mg onset until a bipolar spindle has been c
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Introduction The first use of the term autophagy
2024-09-23
Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i
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In liver the essential organ of lipoprotein
2024-09-23
In liver, the essential organ of lipoprotein synthesis, ACL plays a fundamental role in lipogenesis and steroidogenesis by supplying cytosolic 2 hydroxyglutarate to both pathways. By using a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate (citrate) to produce acetyl CoA, ACL can be seen as an important bridg
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Receptors containing an x y subunit
2024-09-23
Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). For
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Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo
2024-09-23
Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca
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While we chose to divide our
2024-09-21
While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categories, it should be noted that such division has certain limitations. Even though URIs and the common cold are considered mainly viral in origin and rhinosinusitis mainly bacterial in origin,26, 27 there is considerable overlap between these co
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Diabetic k
2024-09-21
Materials and methods Results Discussion Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease [15], [16]. The pathogenesis of DKD is not fully understood, and there is no effective treatment. Although previous studies suggested that early lesions of DKD are foun
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In the present study AP
2024-09-21
In the present study, AP31-B preferentially released hydrophobic Ki16425 mg such as leucine and alanine from N-terminal of peptide (Fig. 4). The debittering ability of AP31-B seemed to depend on such substrate specificity, but additional tests against other hydrophobic amino acids are needed to con
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br Experimental br Acknowledgment br Introduction The
2024-09-21
Experimental Acknowledgment Introduction The NADPH-dependent reduction of d-glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase (E.C.1.1.1.21) (AR) is considered as one of the phenomena leading to the onset of long term diabetic complications [as review see: [1], [2]. In fact, the reduction of the sugar,
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br Disclosures br Author contributions br Grants
2024-09-21
Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril
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