• Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as

  2021-11-24

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activiti

• A high fat maternal diet during the pregestation period and

  2021-11-24

  

  A high-fat maternal diet during the pregestation period and extending throughout gestation (including the period of conception) has the propensity of affecting early embryonic development and placentation. Previous investigations have revealed that the preimplantation embryos are generally exposed t

• No specific inhibitor of KCC has

  2021-11-24

  

  No specific inhibitor of KCC has progressed to clinical trials, however, although compounds like H74 were shown to specifically target KCC over the related Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) (Ellory et al., 1990). This molecule, or its related analogues, represent compounds of promise. Simple Mg suppl

• Experiments show that CSD propagation can

  2021-11-24

  

  Experiments show that CSD propagation can be slowed or interrupted by pre-existing lesions or areas of high astrocytic density (Chen et al., 2006), and reduced expression of astrocytic gap junctions significantly increases the size of ischemic infarcts (Nakase et al., 2003). By decreasing the gap ju

• uPAR another newly discovered ligand has implicated

  2021-11-24

  

  uPAR, another newly discovered ligand, has implicated FPRL1 as a potential link between the fibrinolytic cascade and inflammation. uPA is a serine protease best known for its ability to regulate fibrinolysis and for its importance in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion [49]. However, uPA also induc

• Natural product based drug discovery can be enhanced

  2021-11-24

  

  Natural-product-based drug discovery can be enhanced with computational methods [205]. Because most of the reported small-molecule natural inhibitors of fMLF-induced functional responses were not evaluated in e1 activating enzyme binding assays, we used molecular modeling to predict how well these c

• DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that

  2021-11-24

  

  DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that can initiate and perpetuate a noninfectious sars-cov during cell death [23]. HMGB1 is a well-studied nuclear DAMP in various types of regulated necrosis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of infection and sterile inflammation. Our current data indic

• In order to understand the determinants of high affinity

  2021-11-24

  

  In order to understand the determinants of high affinity of with amide side chain, an X-ray crystal structure of human liver FBPase in complex with was determined (). The position of phosphonate group and tricyclic scaffold of is similar to those of with no side chain, which suggests the formati

• Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneit

  2021-11-24

  

  Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity for tumor progression and therapy resistance (Marusyk et al., 2012, Marusyk and Polyak, 2010), our understanding of regulators of this process and our ability to modulate them are very limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and si

• CD CD belong to the costimulatory adhesion

  2021-11-24

  

  CD80/CD86 belong to the costimulatory adhesion molecule family, which can activate T ICG001 by the costimulatory pathway and have been used as indicators of DC maturation in numerous studies. In addition, MHC-II, as the principal component of antigen presentation, was significantly elevated after a

• In this study we further expanded the

  2021-11-23

  

  In this study, we further expanded the antitumor bioactivity, with the BALB/c S-180 tumor model, which is long-established due to its highly aggressive in all strains of laboratory mice and rats (Cui et al., 2003). We investigated the tumor-regressing ability of β-glucan by different modes of admini

• br Materials animals and methods

  2021-11-23

  

  Materials, animals and methods Results Discussion This study presents mice with a missense point mutation in R258 of FFAR1 that has functional consequences. Firstly, in islets of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice, both the physiological agonist palmitate and the synthetic agonist TUG-469 were unable to

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgements

  2021-11-23

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin is a multi-functional neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the neuroendocrine system and peripheral tissues of various species. This 29-amino-acid peptide (30 in humans) is proteolytically processed from its precurso

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-11-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although homologues of the β-galactosidase gene were known to exist in the Xenopus genome, and SA-β-gal activity has been detected in whole-mount Xenopus embryos by histochemical staining (Davaapil et al., 2017), no reports have been presented so far

• We detected the FFAR protein with a molecular mass

  2021-11-22

  

  We detected the FFAR2 protein with a molecular mass of about 50 kDa, which is comparable to the main band detected in pigs (Li et al., 2014) but different from the calculated size based on the sequence (Wang et al., 2009). The size difference can be explained, at least in part, by glycosylation site

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