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br Membrane receptor Indirect non genomic signaling As menti
2020-12-14
Membrane receptor: Indirect non-genomic signaling As mentioned above, not all spectinomycin sale responses fit the classical genomic model of steroid action. The observation of excessively fast estrogen-induced biological responses led to the development of the hypothesis that estrogen could be
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Although it was shown that IL signaling induces expression
2020-12-14
Although it was shown that IL-23 signaling induces expression of T17 pathogenic signature genes through activation of STAT3,, transcription factors other than STAT3 are also implicated for induction of pathogenic T17 cells because IL-6, which activates STAT3 similarly to IL-23, cannot induce IL-23R
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br Iterative design approach overview An iterative design st
2020-12-14
Iterative design approach overview An iterative design strategy is used to identify a peptidase-resistant reporter that acts as an efficient substrate for kinases in cell lysates as well as intact cells (Fig. 1). In this process, small-scale, rationally designed libraries are used to screen pepti
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To study the effect of DDR inhibition by
2020-12-12
To study the effect of DDR inhibition by imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib in a cellular environment we generated DDR1 and DDR2 expressing HEK293 cell lines by stable transfection. Of the five DDR1 splice variants we focused on the 1b variant whose over-expression has been associated with pulmonary
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The attachment of ubiquitin to RTKs such
2020-12-12
The attachment of ubiquitin to RTKs, such as EGFR, mediates efficient delivery through the endosome-lysosome system for proteolysis. In this way, RTK degradation enables cessation of signal transduction. A recent siRNA screen identified a number of USPs that can significantly modulate EGFR levels an
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UBA belongs to the non canonical
2020-12-12
UBA5 belongs to the non-canonical E1 enzymes that lack a defined Cys domain but have the active-site Cys within the adenylation domain [24]. Similar to other E1 enzymes, UBA5's adenylation domain comprises an eight-stranded beta sheet that is surrounded by helices [21]. Moreover, like the ancestral
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The pseudo DUBs KIAA and Abraxas are required for the
2020-12-12
The pseudo DUBs KIAA0157 and Abraxas are required for the catalytic function of BRCC36. Comparison of the BRCC36–KIAA0157 heterodimer structure with an inactive BRCC36 homodimer structure provides a model for understanding how this functional interplay is achieved. As shown in schematic form in Figu
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mglur antagonist Further indirect evidence supporting an imp
2020-12-12
Further indirect evidence supporting an important role of DPP-4 in the modulating the actions of both incretins comes from the observations that analogues of GLP-1 and GIP, modified to be resistant to DPP-4 cleavage, were subsequently shown to have greater metabolic stability in vivo which was assoc
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The inhibition of DNMT using AZA
2020-12-12
The inhibition of DNMT1 using 5-AZA-dC or DNMT1 siRNA increased TIMP2 protein and mRNA expression, suggesting that TIMP2 expression is down-regulated by DNA methylation in the HDFs. In addition, 5-AZA-dC treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease of DNMT1 protein expression. 5-AZA-dC is a cytosine a
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Multiple sequence alignment of the proteins in the DGAT
2020-12-12
Multiple sequence alignment of the proteins in the DGAT1 sub-family shows that there are about 41 conserved amino Fmoc-Asp-OAll residues distributed over seven sequence motifs [74]. Unlike DGAT2, a large number of DGAT1 residues, including a majority of the conserved residues, are found in a loop o
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Previous studies showed that many steroidogenic enzymes act
2020-12-12
Previous studies showed that many steroidogenic enzymes act when the enzyme binds to the cofactor first [30]. In the present study, we showed that HPTE inhibited both AKR1C14 and RDH2 in a mixed mode when cofactor was used. This indicates that HPTE interferes with cofactor-binding residues although
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br Results br Discussion SDF performs essential roles
2020-12-11
Results Discussion SDF-1 performs essential roles in cell migration and proliferation, acts as neuromodulator; and is also involved in many pathological processes including human immunodeficiency virus infection, metastatic malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disorders (Feng et al., 1996, Li
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Targeting a specific cell type rather than
2020-12-11
Targeting a specific cell type, rather than the broad cytotoxicity exhibited by some of the pharmacological agents currently used to treat lupus, may improve efficacy and decrease off target toxicity. Thus, evidence that macrophages and microglia are important to the pathogenesis of LN and NPSLE, re
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Cholesterol homeostasis is maintained through a tight
2020-12-11
Cholesterol homeostasis is maintained through a tight regulation between endogenous de novo synthesis, dietary absorption, utilization and excretion of bile salts. The Gabapentin of cholesterol from the intestine constitutes the central part of cholesterol homeostasis in the body [41]. In particula
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br Introduction Phosphorus P is an important
2020-12-11
Introduction Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plant growth; however, in many regions of the world soils are low in plant-available P (Holford, 1997). Therefore, P fertilisers play an important role in agriculture. Most P fertilisers in current use are derived from phosphate rock; howev
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